HIMOYASIZ INTEGRATSIYA? YEVROOSIYO IQTISODIY ITTIFOQIGA A’ZOLIK, MEHNAT MUHOJIRLARINING HUQUQLARI VA UY XO‘JALIKLARI BARQARORLIGI: QIRG‘IZISTON VA O‘ZBEKISTON (2008-2026)
Annotatsiya
Mintaqaviy iqtisodiy integratsiya norasmiy mehnat migratsiyasini huquqlarga asoslangan migratsiyaga aylantirib, mehnat muhojirlarini himoya qiladi, deb taxmin qilinadi. Maqolada ushbu taxmin 2015-yildan buyon Yevroosiyo iqtisodiy ittifoqi (YeOII) a’zosi bo‘lgan Qirg‘iziston hamda fuqarolari Rossiyada patent tizimi asosida ishlaydigan, YeOIIda kuzatuvchi maqomiga ega O‘zbekistonni taqqoslash orqali tekshiriladi. Adabiyotlarning tizimli sharhi va uchta tashqi zarbaning (2008-2009, 2014-2016 va 2024-2026-yillar) qiyosiy-tarixiy tahlili asosida quyidagilar aniqlandi. Birinchidan, rubl inqirozi davrida a’zolikning “huquqiy ustunligi” real bo‘lgan: 2015-2016-yillarda Rossiyadagi Qirg‘iziston fuqarolari soni 7,6 foizga oshgan, Tojikiston va O‘zbekiston fuqarolari soni esa mos ravishda 10,6 va 16,3 foizga kamaygan. Ikkinchidan, maqomdan qat’i nazar qo‘llanayotgan sekyuritizatsiya choralari bu ustunlikni teskarisiga o‘zgartirdi: 2024-2025yillarning uchinchi choraklari oralig‘ida Qirg‘iziston fuqarolarining Rossiyaga kirishi 23,9 foizga, O‘zbekiston fuqarolariniki esa 15,0 foizga qisqargan. Uchinchidan, a’zolik “konsentratsiya tuzog‘i” bilan birga kechmoqda: Qirg‘izistonga keladigan pul o‘tkazmalarining qariyb 93 foizi Rossiyadan tushadi, O‘zbekiston esa migratsiya yo‘nalishlarini tezroq diversifikatsiya qilmoqda. Maqolada integratsiya maqomi himoya qiymati qabul qiluvchi davlatning siyosiy tanloviga bog‘liq bo‘lgan migratsiya instituti sifatida talqin qilinadi hamda ikki mamlakat uchun uy xo‘jaliklari darajasidagi tadqiqot dizaynlari va siyosiy choralar taklif etiladi.Kalit so‘zlar
Yevroosiyo iqtisodiy ittifoqi, mehnat migratsiyasi, muhojirlar huquqlari, pul o‘tkazmalari, uy xo‘jaliklari barqarorligi, sekyuritizatsiya
Adabiyotlar
- kg (2024) MFA: Number of Kyrgyz citizens in Russia is decreasing. Bishkek: 24.kg news agency. Available at: https://24.kg/english/312641_MFA_Number_of_Kyrgyzstanis_in_Russia_is_de creasing/
- Abadie, A. (2021) ‘Using synthetic controls: Feasibility, data requirements, and methodological aspects’, Journal of Economic Literature, 59(2), pp. 391-425
- Babagaliyeva, Z., Kayumov, A., Mahmadullozoda, N. and Mustaeva, N. (2017) Migration, remittances and climate resilience in Tajikistan. Working paper
- Bakhoviddinova, Y.M. (2025) ‘Foreign experience in regulating external labor migration: Lessons for Uzbekistan’, Acumen: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(10), pp. 204-208
- Bekbolotova, S., Djanibekov, N. and Herzfeld, T. (2026) ‘How does regional economic integration impact trade in small economies? Evidence from Armenia and Kyrgyzstan’s EAEU accession’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 67(7), pp. 829-857. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2025.2475904
- Bokayev, B., Ismailova, R. and Torebekova, Z. (2020) ‘Affecting international migration trends through a multi-faceted policy: Kazakhstan within Central Asia and the EAEU’, Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 20(2), pp. 223-243
- Bondarenko, K.A. (2021) ‘Labor migration from Uzbekistan: A family and community promoted big bang’, Regional Research of Russia, 11(2), pp. 273-284. DOI:10.1134/S2079970521020039
- Callaway, B. and Sant’Anna, P.H.C. (2021) ‘Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods’, Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), pp. 200-230
- Danchev, V. and Porter, M.A. (2020) Migration networks: Applications of network analysis to macroscale migration patterns. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.10992
- Daniiarova, G.M. (2023) ‘Eurasian Economic Union: Problems and perspectives of labour migrants from Kyrgyzstan to Russia’, Refugee Watch, 63
- Delovarova, L.F. and Sultanmuratov, N. (2023) ‘Migration in Central Asian countries in the context of EEU integration and new international realities’, DEMIS. Demographic Research, 3(3), pp. 71-86. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2023.3.3.5
- Egamberdiev, B. (2025) Household resilience capacity and food security in Central Asia. Doctoral dissertation. Halle (Saale): Martin-Luther- Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- Egamberdiev, B., Bobojonov, I., Kuhn, L. and Glauben, T. (2023) ‘Household resilience capacity and food security: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan’, Food Security, 15, pp. 967-988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01369-
- ESCAP (2026) Strengthening migration governance in North and Central Asia. Policy brief. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
- Eurasian Development Bank (2021) Uzbekistan and the EAEU: Prospects and potential impact of economic integration. Presentation. Almaty: EDB Centre for Integration Studies
- FAO (2021) Seasonal migration in Europe and Central Asia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- Gazeta. uz (2026) ‘Around 1.4 million citizens of Uzbekistan work abroad as labor migration patterns shift’, 18 August. Available at: https://www.gazeta.uz/en/2026/08/18/migration/
- ICMPD (2023) ICMPD migration outlook: Eastern Europe and Central Asia 2023. Vienna: International Centre for Migration Policy Development
- IOM (2016) Migrant vulnerabilities and integration needs in Central Asia: Root causes, social and economic impact of return migration. Regional field assessment in Central Asia 2016. International Organization for Migration
- IOM (2023) Migration governance indicators: The Kyrgyz Republic- Second profile 2022. International Organization for Migration
- IOM (2026) Kyrgyzstan migration situation report: July-December 2025. International Organization for Migration
- IOM (2025) Understanding the pre-departure information ecosystem in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. International Organization for Migration
- Karymshakov, K., Aseinov, D. and Azhgaliyeva, D. (2024) Drought and migration: Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic. ADBI Working Paper No. 1490. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. https://doi.org/10.56506/ILSU5435
- Kimsanova, B., Herzfeld, T., Umirbekov, A., Hermans, K., Müller, D. and Djanibekov, N. (n.d.) Migration patterns: The complex roles of poverty and weather extremes. Unpublished manuscript. Halle (Saale): Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO)
- Kuldasheva, Z. (2024) ‘Labor migration in Central Asia: Issues, impacts, and strategic solutions’, Slovak Journal of International Relations, 22(2), pp. 162-182. https://doi.org/10.53465/SJIR.1339-2751.2024.2.162-
- Mayorova, M.A., Ugryumova, M.A. and Gerasimov, D.V. (2024) ‘The impact of labour migration on labour productivity in the EAEU countries’, Journal of Regional and International Competitiveness, 5(3), pp. 4-10. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1927-2024-5-3-4-10
- Mogilevskii, R. (2020) Labour market and technological development in Central Asia. IPPA Working Paper No. 58. Bishkek: University of Central Asia
- Murzakulova, A. (2020) Rural migration in Kyrgyzstan: Drivers, impact and governance. MSRI Research Paper No. 7. Bishkek: University of Central Asia
- OSCE and ACTED (2009) Impact of the global financial crisis on labour migration from Kyrgyzstan to Russia: Qualitative overview and quantitative survey. Bishkek: OSCE Centre in Bishkek
- Poletayev, D. (2019) Addressing the challenges of labour migration within the Eurasian Economic Union. Analytical report. Vienna: Prague Process, ICMPD
- Rakhimov, K. and Azizova, A. (2022) ‘Comparative analysis of the EAEU and the EU common labour markets’, Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 22(1), pp. 94-110. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22- 1-94-110
- Ruhs, M. (2013) The price of rights: Regulating international labor migration. Princeton: Princeton University Press
- Sagynbekova, L. (2017) International labour migration in the context of the Eurasian Economic Union: Issues and challenges of Kyrgyz migrants in Russia. IPPA Working Paper No. 39. Bishkek: University of Central Asia
- Stark, O. and Bloom, D.E. (1985) ‘The new economics of labor migration’, American Economic Review, 75(2), pp. 173-178
- Tay, T.K. (2021) Poverty, labour migration and remittance in Eurasian countries. SSRN Working Paper. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3825407
- Times of Central Asia (2026) ‘Russia still dominates Uzbek remittances despite falling share’. Available at: https://timesca.com/russia- dominates-uzbek-remittances-falling-share/
- Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (2014). Signed in Astana on 29 May 2014
- World Bank (2026a) Kyrgyz Republic: Macro poverty outlook. Washington, DC: World Bank Group
- World Bank (2026b) World Development Indicators: Personal remittances, received (BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT; BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS). Dataset. Washington, DC: World Bank (Accessed: 24 September 2026)
- Wrethed, J.E.M. (2025) Resilient migration: Feedback mechanisms and transnational persistence in the Central Asia-Russia corridor. Bachelor’s thesis. Lund: Lund University
Yuklab olishlar
Yuklab olish ma’lumotlari hali mavjud emas.