O‘ZBEKISTONDAGI NORASMIY IJTIMOIY HIMOYA TIZIMLARINING MADANIY VA IJTIMOIY-IQTISODIY OMILLARI
Kalit so‘zlar:
Norasmiy ijtimoiy himoya, norasmiy qo'llab-quvvatlash, norasmiy xavfsizlik tarmog'i, an'anaviy ijtimoiy farovonlik, jamoaga asoslangan yordam, ijtimoiy kapital, O'zbekiston.Annotatsiya
Mazkur tadqiqot O‘zbekistondagi norasmiy ijtimoiy himoya tizimlariga bag‘ishlangan. Qarindoshlik va o‘zaro birdamlik tamoyillariga asoslangan ushbu tizimlar aholiga iqtisodiy xatarlarni yengib o‘tishda yordam beradi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi – mazkur tizimlarning shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar, ularning manbalari, ta’minot usullari hamda boshqaruv tamoyillarini tahlil qilishdir. Tadqiqotda sifat yondashuvi qo‘llanilib, ma’lumotlarni yig‘ishda aralash metodologik dizayn tanlandi. Jarayonda adabiyotlar sharhi, so‘rovnoma (n = 46, 24 ayol va 22 erkak) hamda yarim tuzilgan suhbatlar (n = 12, 6 ayol va 6 erkak) o‘tkazildi.
Olingan natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, asosiy yordam manbalari sifatida oila, qarindoshlar va do‘stlar yetakchi o‘rinda turadi. Shuningdek, pul o‘tkazmalari va aylanma jamg‘arma guruhlari ishonchli mexanizmlar sifatida faoliyat yuritadi. 30-54 yosh oralig‘idagi, qishloq hududlaridan bo‘lgan va ta’lim darajasi nisbatan past ayollar NIHTga eng ko‘p tayanadigan guruh sifatida ajr gender bo‘yicha alib chiqdi. Ushbu tayanish to‘liq ish bilan band bo‘lgan ayollar o’rtasida ham saqlanib qolmoqda, bu esa o’z navbatida ish haqidagi gender tafovutini aks ettiradi. Erkaklarning ishtiroki esa ko‘proq ishsizlik yoki norasmiy mehnat bilan bog‘liqdir.
Tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, NIHT ko‘pincha muhim hayotiy voqealar va inqiroz davrlarida qo‘llanilib, hayotni yaxshilash hamda xatarlarni kamaytirish vazifasini bajaradi. Ulardan foydalanish madaniy me’yorlar va ijtimoiy aloqalar orqali asoslanadi. Aksariyat respondentlar kelgusida NIHT ahamiyatini saqlab qoladi, deb hisoblashsada, ayrimlar, xususan kam ta’minlangan ayollar, rasmiy tizimlar ularning o’rnini egallaydi, deb kutmoqda. Umuman olganda, NIHT jamoalarning barqarorligini ta’minlashda muhim omil bo‘lib qolmoqda. Shu bilan birga, teng taqsimlanmaganlik va gender tengsizligi ularning imkoniyatlarini cheklab turibdi. Kelgusi tadqiqotlar ushbu tengsizlik va gender tafovutlarining sabablarini chuqurroq o‘rganishga qaratilishi lozim. Bu esa ayollar va ijtimoiy jihatdan zaif guruhlarning ehtiyojlariga yanada moslashgan samarali ijtimoiy siyosatlarni ishlab chiqishga xizmat qiladi.
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